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Europe 1815



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Unification Map of Italy


Analysis of Map:

Most of what is present- day Italy consists of territory annexed by Sardinia. Austria had land in present day Italy however this was annexed in 1866 by Italy and Sardinia in 1859. The route Garibaldi took was from the Kingdom of Sardinia to annexed territory and upward on the mainland. The territories owned prior by Austria were annexed to form Italy in the the reunification of Italy.



Chapter 10 Section 1 Terms: (From the online book)

Mazzini, Giuseppe: (1805–1872) Italian patriot; he formed the nationalist group called Young Italy to fight for the unification of the separate Italian states into one nation.
Cavour, Camillo di: (1810–1861) Italian statesman and premier of the kingdom of Sardinia; architect of the Italian unification movement in the late 1800s.Re
Red Shirts: army of volunteer troops led by Giuseppe Garibaldi; in 1860 they attacked the island of Sicily and won it for the Italians
Garibaldi, Giuseppe: (1807–1882) Italian military and nationalist leader; he unified the southern states of Italy and joined them to the north to form the united Kingdom of Italy.
Victor Emmanuel: (1820–1878) King of Sardinia-Piedmont from 1849 to 1861 and king of Italy from 1861 to 1878; he was the first king of a united Italy.



CCQP:
10.1 Path Toward Unity pg 317
- How was the Pope in charge? Why?
- If the French helped get him in control again does that mean, France had control over Italy?
- France and Austria held power in Italy?
- Monarchies have always caused conflicts in Europe, why would Cavour want another? Perhaps for his own selfish reasons…
- I don’t understand France, they helped the Pope gain control of Rome after they formed a republic. How can Cavour trust them so easily? And what does that say about France? Why did they help the Pope get in charge anyhow? Were they going to help remove the pope now?
Revolution and Uprising:

- Piedmont declares war against Austria à failed
- Rome seized by revolutionaries forming a republic 1849 à failed
- Sardinia remain independent after revolt

Cavour and Sardinia:

- Camillo di Cavour believed Italian Nationalist movement would unite Italy
- Il Risorgimento: meant Italian unification movement and freedom from Austria
- Cavour prime minister of Sardinia
- Cavour gives France Savoy and Nice creating an ally with them
- France joins their war against Austria

10.1 Italian Reunification
Causes:
Effects:
  • Congress of Vienna placed political boundaries that ignored national groups
  • Italian Nationalism as nation split into 3 groups
  • Celebrating Italy’s cultural tradition
  • Giuseppe’s Mazzini nationalist ideas and thoughts of freedom from Austria and borders set by congress of Vienna

Social Issues:
  • Regional
  • Catholic Church didn’t recognize Italy as a legitimate nation
Economic & Social:
  • Poverty, rising taxes, and unemployment
War:
Declared War on Ottoman Empire
  • Red Shirts control southern part of Italian Peninsula (war tactics by Garibaldi)
  • Kingdom of the two Sicilies offered to King Emmanuel
  • Papal States and Venetia remained under enemy control
  • After Prussian and Austrian war, Italy is given Venetia
  • Prussia forces France out of Rome, leaving Italy unified

Social Issues:
  • Southern Italians resented rule by Rome
  • Prohibited Catholics voting

Economic & Social:
  • Riots
  • Emigration
Reforms:
  • Voting- adult male taxpayers
  • Prohibited child labor
  • Working hours
Foreign Policy:
  • Alliance with Austria- Hungary and Germany
  • Territory in Africa

Summary & Prediction:


After years of separation due to the congress of Vienna, Italy began to feel a sense of nationalism which motivated them to unify. Though Italy's economy lagged in comparison to the rest of northern Europe, I do feel their economy will grow in the following years. After gaining land in Africa, they may have access to new resources. However, with many of its people migrating to the U.S., the U.S. economy will be booming with new workers, while Italy may not. There is still hope for improvement, after gaining new allies and becoming their own nation.






RUSSIA: